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Dementia Risk After Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccination in Older Adults With a Recent Skilled-Nursing Facility Stay : A Target Trial Emulation
The study cohort included 509,926 participants (mean age, 79 years); 8,843 (1.73%) received at least one RZV dose within 12 months after admission, and of these, 87.0% received RZV after discharge. Receipt of RZV was associated with risk for dementia being 5.8 percentage points lower (95% CI, 3.9 to 7.5 percentage points lower; risk ratio, 0.76 [CI, 0.69 to 0.84]; four-year risk, 18.8% with ≥1 RZV vs. 24.6% with no RZV). Associations were attenuated in men and those with prior live HZ vaccination. Receipt of RZV during admission to a skilled-nursing facility or within 12 months was associated with lower dementia risk.
Safety and Immunogenicity of One or Two Additional Doses of the Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine Administered 5–6 Years After Primary Vaccination in Adults ≥50 Years
Participants were randomized to one additional dose, two additional doses, or no additional vaccination. Humoral and cell-mediated immunity were evaluated by antiglycoprotein E (gE) antibodies, gE-specific CD4[2+] T-cells, and memory B-cells. Reactogenicity was evaluated for seven days postvaccination and overall safety was evaluated throughout the study. Anti-gE geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were 10 000–11 500 mIU/mL in all groups preadditional vaccination. Geometric mean concentrations peaked at one month after one dose (73 834.4 and 79 419.8 mIU/mL in the one-additional dose and revaccination groups, respectively), declined at year one, but remained above preadditional vaccination levels thereafter. Geometric mean concentration was 64 603.0 mIU/mL 1 month after the second dose in the revaccination group. Geometric mean concentrations in the control group were 8825.4 mIU/mL at Year 1 and 6858.8 mIU/mL at Year 6. The frequency of gE-specific CD4[2+] T-cells and memory B-cells followed a similar pattern. Pain and fatigue were the most common solicited adverse events. No serious adverse events related to RZV were reported.
Influenza Vaccine and Associated Infection and Death in California, 2024 to 2025
In a case-control study of linked diagnostic test results and immunization records for 1,106,628 California residents, influenza vaccination was associated with 40% lower likelihood of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Among adults aged 65 years and older with laboratory confirmed influenza, vaccination was associated with 29% lower likelihood of death due to influenza-related causes. Among 58 809 vaccinated children and adolescents aged 2 to 17 years, 1262 (2.1%) received live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)-FluMist.)
2024-2025 COVID-19 Vaccine and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among US Veterans
This cohort study including 1,039,659 participants from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs found that the 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19–associated major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), with more prominent risk reductions among those 75 years or older and those with comorbidities. Secondary analyses of all-cause major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) showed substantially larger absolute risk reductions. They used the VA electronic health record database. Included: 1,039,659 participants who received influenza vaccine (mean [SD] age, 70.1 [12.4] years; 954 341 [91.8%] men), 349,085 received COVID-19 vaccine and 690,574 did not. At eight months, the COVID-19 vaccine was associated with lower risk of COVID-19–associated major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) (VE, 37.7% [95% CI, 18.2%-54.9%].
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